The earliest stage of fifth disease the prodomal stage consists of a low fever, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, chills, or respiratory symptoms. This often looks like a mild cold. Your child may feel tired, cranky, or rundown. This stage may come and go before you notice it. Second stage. This is when the facial rash appears, a few days to a week or more after the prodromal symptoms. The rash appears bright rosy red on the cheeks.
Your child may also look pale around the mouth because the cheeks are so red. This first rash fades in a few days. Third stage. This second rash is flat, purple-red, and looks lacy. It is painless, but may be slightly itchy. The second rash may take 1 to 3 weeks to go away entirely. It often affects preschoolers or school-age children during the spring.
The disease spreads through the fluids in the nose and mouth when someone coughs or sneezes. About 20 percent of people who get the virus don't have symptoms, but they can still pass the virus along to others.
Four to 14 days after being infected with human parvovirus B19, a child may develop cold or flu-like symptoms, such as low-grade fever, fatigue and an overall feeling of ill health. The rash may be itchy, but not in all cases. The rash will get better in seven to 10 days. About 10 percent of children with fifth disease will also have joint pain and possibly joint swelling. However, as many as 78 percent of adults who experience symptoms will develop joint pain and swelling one to three weeks following the initial infection.
Joints of the hands, wrists and knees are most commonly affected in a symmetric pattern. Joint symptoms usually resolve in a week or two, but approximately 10 percent of adults with joint symptoms will have prolonged difficulties.
Chronic joint pain has been known to last up to nine years. A physician usually can diagnose fifth disease by seeing the typical rash during an examination. If joint symptoms have outlasted the rash, or if the rash never developed, a blood test can detect antibodies to the virus. However, a specific diagnosis with the blood test is possible only for a short time because the level of antibodies to a recent infection is elevated for only two months after the infection.
After that it is only possible to tell whether the person has ever had parvovirus B19 in their lifetime. The fever and joint pain of fifth disease in children may not need treatment or can be alleviated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Adults with joint pain and swelling may need to rest, alter their activities and take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium.
In rare cases of prolonged arthritis symptoms, other slow-acting medications may be added. Occasionally, people with chronic parvovirus arthritis can benefit from drugs like hydroxychloroquine , but it is rarely necessary.
Fifth disease is usually mild and will go away on its own. Children and adults who are otherwise healthy usually recover completely. Having a healthy, balanced diet , drinking an adequate amount of fluids and getting rest will help you successfully manage this disease. Get involved with the arthritis community. Every gift to the Arthritis Foundation will help people with arthritis across the U. Join us and become a Champion of Yes. There are many volunteer opportunities available. Take part to be among those changing lives today and changing the future of arthritis.
Covering the mouth and nose with their elbow when coughing or sneezing. Not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. Avoiding close contact with anyone who is sick. Keeping them home when they are sick. Fifth disease treatment. Living with fifth disease. But fifth disease can cause problems in certain cases: Pregnant women who have been exposed to fifth disease should call their doctor.
When this happens, miscarriage or stillbirth can occur. The mother can take medicines to treat the virus. In some cases, the unborn baby might need a blood transfusion. He or she can tell you if you need to take any special steps to avoid the virus.
Weak immune system. People who have immune system problems may need special treatment to help fight the fifth disease. This includes people who have had organ transplants, or who have cancer or HIV. Chronic anemia. People with sickle-cell disease or other types of chronic anemia could have problems if they get fifth disease. They could develop severe anemia that requires blood transfusions. Questions to ask your doctor.
What do I need to do to keep my baby safe? What treatment is best for me? How long will I be contagious? How long should I keep my child home from school? What can I do to make my child more comfortable?
My rash keeps coming back when I spend time outside. Is that normal? Last Updated: October 2, This article was contributed by: familydoctor. Tags: 3-day measles , adult , child , fever , headache , sore throat , teenager. Related Articles.
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