Climate of the World Albania. Cook Islands. Czech Republic. Diagrams for stations. Fiji Islands. French Polynesia. Futuna and Wallis. Israel and Palestine. In the east, annual average rainfall amounts are mm at Edinburgh and mm at London, with parts of East Anglia having totals down to mm. Autumn and winter tend to be the wettest seasons, with the rainfall coming from frontal systems.
In the summer there is still a moderate amount of rainfall, much of which comes as heavy showers from convective activity The highest frequencies and intensities of hourly extreme rainfall occur during summer The hot summer was largely a consequence of the atmospheric circulation anomalies and elevated sea-surface temperature in the proximity of the United Kingdom, but these alone are insufficient to fully explain the magnitude of the observed temperature anomalies for the season overall.
The warming climate was also a significant factor. The latest set of UK climate projections UKCP18 estimate that a like summer could be more common than not by the mid- twenty-first century 43, The chance of summer temperatures has risen sharply from to present day. Warm UK summers that occurred with a 1-in-5 frequency in the - period now occur with double that frequency The monthly record extends back to and presents a unique opportunity to examine climate variability in the Region over long time scales 7.
The average of three observing stations in Hertfordshire, Worcestershire and Lancashire, has been monitored instrumentally since , and long term changes in it are representative of those across most of the UK 1. After a period of relative stability for most of the 20th century, CET has increased by about a degree Celsius since the s 1.
Eight of the ten warmest years recorded have been since with being the warmest year on record 3. Studies have shown that this observed rate of warming cannot be explained by natural climate variations, but is consistent with the response to increasing greenhouse gases and aerosols simulated by the Met Office Hadley Centre climate model.
It is likely, therefore, that global man-made emissions of greenhouse gases have played a significant role in the recent warming of the UK 1. Temperatures in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have risen by about 0. However, because the length of data in each case is relatively short, research to date has not attributed these changes to specific causes 1.
Annual mean temperature in Wales shows a slight warming trend over the period from to 0. The warming has been greatest in autumn and winter; summer temperatures have shown little trend over the century. There has been a small decrease in the diurnal temperature range due to night-time minima increasing more rapidly than day-time maxima 2.
The s was the warmest decade in central England since records began in the s 5. As a result the growing season for plants in central England has lengthened by about one month since , heat waves have become more frequent in summer, while there are now fewer frosts and winter cold spells, winters over the last years have become much wetter relative to summers throughout the UK, and a larger proportion of winter precipitation rain and snow now falls on heavy rainfall days than was the case 50 years ago 4.
Besides, the nocturnal urban heat island is intensifying 6. Annual mean precipitation over England and Wales has not changed significantly since records began in Seasonal-mean precipitation is highly variable, but appears to have decreased in summer and increased in winter, although with little change in the latter over the last 50 yr 1.
From a country-wide dataset over the period no significant trends in annual or seasonal precipitation totals can be distinguished from temporal variability Winter precipitation increased from the s to a maximum in the early s, but has decreased since then, removing the significant upward trend reported previously by others Previous reported negative trends for the summer season 32 have been reversed since , as all summers between and were anomalously wet, with and being the two wettest summers on record in this dataset There have also been changes to the proportion of winter rainfall coming from heavy precipitation events: in winter all regions of the UK have experienced an increase over the past 45 yr; in summer all regions except NE England and N Scotland have experienced decreases 1.
No significant trends of changes in rainfall intensity in England and Wales have been found between and It is estimated, that the magnitude of extreme rainfall has increased two-fold over parts of the UK since the s 8, see als Intensities previously experienced, on average, every 25 years now occur at 6 year intervals; a consequence of both increased event frequency and changes in seasonality 8.
These climatic changes may be explained by persistent atmospheric circulation anomalies and have huge economic and social implications in terms of increased flooding 8.
Multi-day rainfall events are an important cause of recent severe flooding in the UK, and any change in the magnitude of such events may have severe impacts upon urban structures such as dams, urban drainage systems and flood defences and cause failures to occur.
There has been a two-part change in extreme rainfall event occurrence across the UK from to Little change is observed at 1 and 2 days duration, but significant decadal-level changes are seen in 5- and day events in many regions 9. In the south of the UK, 5- and day annual maxima have decreased during the s. However, in the north, the day growth curve has steepened and annual maxima have risen during the s.
This is particularly evident in Scotland. The 50 year event in Scotland during has become an 8-year, year and year event in the East, South and North Scotland pooling regions respectively during the s. In northern England the average recurrence interval has also halved. This may have severe implications for design and planning practices in flood control 9. During October and November many areas of the United Kingdom experienced a period of persistent heavy rainfall which resulted in widespread flooding Marsh and extensive damage.
For many catchments, the return periods of the rainfall which produced these floods have been estimated to be in excess of years It has been studied whether, in general, increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in more frequent extreme rainfall events.
The analysis focused on three regions near the towns of Lewes, Shrewsbury and York, all of which were very badly affected by the autumn floods Of particular interest are rainfall totals over 30 consecutive days, because sustained heavy rainfall was the main cause of the autumn floods.
Model predictions for regions upstream of the towns of Lewes and Shrewsbury and the city of York suggest that it is likely that return periods of extreme day rainfall will have reduced between pre-industrial times and the present. Under a scenario of increases in greenhouse gases that lies in the mid-range of current IPCC estimates, this modelling system also predicts that these reductions will continue into the future. Modest increases in the number of dry spells are found across the country and substantial increases in the south and east associated with lower summer rainfall 1.
Autumn arrives in September, with dipping temperatures and shortening days, all as a pre-cursor of the winter to come. The UK is an island, so it receives a large amount of rain. It can rain during any season and on any given day — so bring your umbrella!
In these pages we provide a very general overview of UK weather and seasons. Obviously there are geographic differences in weather patterns through the UK that can be fairly dramatic. For weather information specific to your locale, visit the Met Office Website. Sign in to Your Account Done. Sign in. The east and north of England is flat and low lying — most notably in the east are the Fens, flat marshland that surrounds the East Anglian towns of Cambridge and Peterborough.
The coastline is endlessly varied, with northern England's coast made up mainly of flat sand dunes, whereas the south is notable for the Jurassic Coast of Dorset, a World Heritage site where the cliffs span km 95 miles and million years of history, and numerous fossil discoveries have been made.
Further north, the landscape becomes more dramatic. The mountain ranges of the Yorkshire Dales and Lake District in the northwest afford picturesque views of valleys, lakes, forest and mountains, making both destinations popular with hikers. The Pennine mountain range also known as the 'backbone of England' bisects the northern region, creating a natural divide between the North West and North East.
Traversed by the Pennine Way, the UK's longest footpath, hikers can get up close to one of the most scenic in England and take in one of the most scenic parts of England. Introducing England. Plan your trip. Travel to England Where to stay.
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